.skip-to-content{background:var(--ink);color:#fff;z-index:100;padding:14px 18px;position:fixed;top:-100px;left:18px}.skip-to-content:focus{top:14px}#journal-main:focus{outline:none}.journal-loading{text-align:center;color:var(--muted);padding:80px 20px}.paper-not-found{max-width:750px;padding:65px 0}.paper-not-found h1{font-size:32px}.paper-not-found p{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9}.paper-not-found>div:last-child{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:15px;margin-top:30px;display:flex}.guide-new-tab{text-align:left;align-items:center;line-height:1.7;display:inline-flex}.cover-button{transform-origin:50%;transition:transform .24s;transform:rotate(0)}@media (hover:hover) and (pointer:fine){.cover-button:hover{transform:rotate(-2deg)}}.cover-button:focus-visible{transform:rotate(-2deg)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.cover-button,.cover-button:hover,.cover-button:focus-visible{transition:none;transform:none}}@media (max-width:520px){.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px}.hero .cover-button{justify-self:center;max-width:300px}.hero h1{font-size:41px}.hero .hero-copy{font-size:13px}.hero .hero-buttons{flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.hero .hero-buttons .text-button{margin-top:0}.hero .hero-note span{margin-right:10px;display:inline}.hero .hero-note{font-size:10px}}.home-discovery{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:center;gap:35px;padding:27px 0 31px;display:grid}.home-discovery label{margin-bottom:9px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;display:block}.home-discovery form>div{background:#fff;border:1px solid #99a5a8;display:flex}.home-discovery input{background:0 0;border:0;flex:1;min-width:0;padding:14px 16px}.home-discovery button{white-space:nowrap;margin:5px}.home-discovery small{color:var(--muted);margin-top:9px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8;display:block}.journal-live-counts{gap:28px;display:flex}.journal-live-counts>div{flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:5px;display:flex}.journal-live-counts strong{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font:600 25px Georgia,serif}.journal-live-counts span{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px}.article .badges{flex-wrap:wrap}.article .author-line{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 25px}.article-section{scroll-margin-top:20px}.row-meta{flex-wrap:wrap}.row-meta .row-count{white-space:nowrap}.bookmark[aria-pressed=true]{color:var(--rust)}.submission-status{color:var(--muted);text-align:right;flex-basis:100%;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.form-actions{flex-wrap:wrap}.form-grid{align-items:start}.form-grid>label>input,.form-grid>label>select{min-height:46px}.header-actions>form>button{font-size:12px}@media (max-width:1050px){.home-discovery{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.journal-live-counts{gap:35px}.header-actions{gap:15px}}@media (max-width:700px){header{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:flex-start;gap:20px}.header-actions{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:center;gap:7px;width:100%;display:grid}.header-actions>button,.header-actions>form>button{white-space:nowrap;min-height:40px;padding:10px 4px;font-size:10px}.header-actions>.primary{gap:4px;padding:11px 5px;font-size:10px}.main-nav>div{scrollbar-width:thin;gap:20px;min-width:0}.main-nav{min-width:0}.main-nav>div{flex:1}.home-discovery{padding:23px 0}.home-discovery button{padding:12px 10px;font-size:11px}.journal-live-counts{justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.journal-live-counts strong{font-size:22px}.paper-not-found h1{font-size:26px}.form-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.form-actions .primary,.form-actions .outline{flex:1;justify-content:center}.submission-status{text-align:left}.brand{max-width:100%}.brand small{letter-spacing:1.1px}.article-tools{width:100%}}@media print{.home-discovery,.skip-to-content{display:none!important}}.lounge-origin-note{background:#f3f7f5;border:1px solid #dce0e5;border-left:3px solid #45665b;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin:24px 0;padding:18px 22px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;display:flex}.lounge-origin-note p{margin:0}.lounge-origin-note a,.lounge-origin-note button{color:#2f5c4c;text-underline-offset:4px;text-decoration:underline}.lounge-origin-note div{flex:320px}
.research-lounge{min-width:0;margin-bottom:70px}.research-lounge button,.research-lounge a,.research-lounge input,.research-lounge textarea,.research-lounge select{touch-action:manipulation}.research-lounge button:disabled{cursor:default}.research-lounge .rl-kicker{color:var(--rust);letter-spacing:.2px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.rl-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:30px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:51px 0 36px;display:flex}.rl-heading h1{letter-spacing:-1.5px;margin:9px 0 13px;font-size:43px;line-height:1.5}.rl-heading h1>span{color:var(--rust);margin-left:3px}.rl-heading p{color:var(--muted);margin:0;font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}.research-lounge .rl-primary{background:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink);color:#fff;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:24px;min-height:44px;padding:13px 20px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;display:inline-flex}.research-lounge .rl-primary:hover{color:#fff;background:#30536b}.rl-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 230px;gap:65px;display:grid}.rl-main{min-width:0}.rl-filters{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:19px;display:flex}.rl-filters>button{min-height:40px;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid #0000;padding:9px 12px;font-size:12px}.rl-filters>button[aria-pressed=true]{color:var(--ink);background:#eaf1f6;border-color:#cbdbe5}.rl-search{border-bottom:1px solid #9bafbc;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-bottom:30px;padding:0 0 10px;display:flex}.rl-search>input{background:0 0;border:0;flex:1;min-width:0;min-height:40px;padding:10px 0;font-size:13px}.rl-search>input:focus{outline:0}.rl-search:focus-within{outline:2px solid var(--rust);outline-offset:4px}.rl-search>button{white-space:nowrap;min-height:40px;padding:8px;font-size:12px}.rl-search>button>span{color:var(--rust);margin-left:10px}.rl-search-summary{color:var(--muted);overflow-wrap:anywhere;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;display:flex}.rl-search-summary>button{white-space:nowrap;align-self:flex-start;font-size:11px}.rl-list-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:20px;padding:0 0 14px;display:flex}.rl-list-heading h2{letter-spacing:-.3px;margin:0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.rl-list-heading>span{color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap;font-size:10px}.rl-list-heading h2>span{color:var(--rust);margin-left:10px;font:12px Noto Sans KR,sans-serif}.rl-posts,.rl-comment-list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.rl-posts>li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:23px 0 22px}.rl-row-heading{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:14px;display:flex}.rl-tag{color:#5a7281;background:#edf2f5;border:1px solid #d9e3e9;padding:3px 7px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.7;display:inline-block}.rl-paper-count{color:var(--rust);font-size:10px}.rl-posts h3{letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:10px 0 7px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.7}.rl-posts h3>button{font:inherit;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;padding:0;display:block}.rl-excerpt{color:var(--muted);-webkit-line-clamp:2;overflow-wrap:anywhere;white-space:pre-wrap;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;margin:0 0 16px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;display:-webkit-box;overflow:hidden}.rl-row-meta,.rl-article-meta,.rl-comment-meta{color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:12px 21px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8;display:flex}.rl-identity{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:6px 9px;max-width:100%;display:inline-flex}.rl-identity>button{color:var(--ink);overflow-wrap:anywhere;text-align:left;padding:0;font-size:11px;font-weight:500}.rl-identity>small{color:#8896a1;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:9px}.rl-comment-link{margin-left:auto;padding:3px 0;font-size:10px}.rl-aside{align-self:start;padding-top:7px}.rl-aside-rule{align-items:center;gap:5px;width:62px;margin-bottom:21px;display:flex}.rl-aside-rule>span{background:#5e829a;flex:1;height:3px}.rl-aside-rule>span:nth-child(2){background:#8ea8b9}.rl-aside-rule>span:last-child{background:#c0ced7}.rl-aside h2{letter-spacing:-.7px;margin:0 0 14px;font-size:24px;line-height:1.8}.rl-aside>p{color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 27px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.rl-aside ul{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0 0 27px;padding:0;list-style:none}.rl-aside li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:15px 0}.rl-aside li>b{margin-bottom:6px;font-size:11px;font-weight:500;display:block}.rl-aside li>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.rl-aside .rl-aside-note{max-width:215px;font-size:10px;line-height:2}.rl-empty{text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:57px 20px 63px}.rl-empty>span{color:#8a9fae;font:italic 14px Noto Serif KR,serif}.rl-empty h3{margin:16px 0 11px;font-size:21px;line-height:1.8}.rl-empty>p{color:var(--muted);max-width:440px;margin:0 auto;font-size:12px;line-height:2}.rl-pagination{justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:26px;margin:24px 0 0;font-size:11px;display:flex}.rl-pagination>button{min-height:40px;padding:8px;font-size:11px}.rl-pagination>span{color:var(--muted)}.rl-notice,.rl-error{overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:0 0 20px;padding:13px 17px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.rl-notice{color:#345f67;background:#edf6f5;border:1px solid #bfd2d8}.rl-error{color:#835445;background:#faf2ef;border:1px solid #dec9c3;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;display:flex}.rl-error>p{margin:0}.rl-error>button{flex-shrink:0;min-height:40px;font-size:11px;text-decoration:underline}.rl-composer{background:#f2f6f8;border:1px solid #c9d8e2;margin:0 0 34px;padding:27px 30px 25px;scroll-margin-top:20px}.rl-composer-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin-bottom:24px;display:flex}.rl-composer-heading h2{letter-spacing:-.6px;margin:7px 0 0;font-size:24px;line-height:1.7}.rl-composer-heading>button{min-height:40px;padding:8px;font-size:11px}.research-lounge .rl-label{flex-direction:column;gap:8px;margin:0 0 20px;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.8;display:flex}.research-lounge .rl-label>input,.research-lounge .rl-label>select,.research-lounge .rl-label>textarea{width:100%;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;border:1px solid #beced9;border-radius:0;padding:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}.research-lounge .rl-label>textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:240px}.research-lounge .rl-label>select{width:215px}.research-lounge .rl-label>small{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.9}.rl-fixed-name{margin:0 0 22px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.rl-fixed-name>b{font-weight:500}.rl-fixed-name>span{color:var(--muted);margin-left:12px;font-size:10px}.rl-fixed-name>small{color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px;font-size:10px;display:block}.rl-character-count{text-align:right;color:var(--muted);margin-top:-12px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.rl-composer-actions{border-top:1px solid var(--line);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin-top:18px;padding-top:20px;display:flex}.rl-policy{color:var(--muted);max-width:660px;margin:0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}.rl-policy>small{color:#8493a0;margin-top:4px;font-size:9px;display:block}.rl-back-row{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;margin-bottom:33px;padding:25px 0;display:flex}.rl-back-row>button{min-height:30px;padding:0;font-size:11px}.rl-back-row>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px}.rl-detail-wrap{max-width:900px;margin:0 auto}.rl-article h1{letter-spacing:-1px;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:17px 0 20px;font-size:32px;line-height:1.65}.rl-article-meta{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:23px}.rl-article-meta>.rl-identity>button{font-size:12px}.rl-own-actions{gap:14px;margin-left:auto;display:flex}.rl-own-actions>button{min-height:30px;padding:0;font-size:11px}.rl-post-body{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-height:200px;padding:29px 0 37px;font-size:14px;line-height:2.2}.rl-paper-bridge{background:#f1f5f8;border-top:1px solid #bfced8;border-bottom:1px solid #bfced8;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:25px 35px;margin-bottom:39px;padding:25px 26px;display:flex}.rl-paper-bridge>div:first-child{flex:360px;min-width:0}.rl-paper-bridge h2{letter-spacing:-.5px;margin:7px 0 9px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.8}.rl-paper-bridge p{color:var(--muted);max-width:450px;margin:0;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.rl-paper-bridge>.rl-primary{flex-shrink:0;gap:15px;padding:12px 16px;font-size:11px}.rl-linked-papers{border-top:1px solid #c9d7e0;flex-basis:100%;padding-top:22px}.rl-linked-papers h3{margin:0 0 11px;font:500 12px/1.8 Noto Sans KR,sans-serif}.rl-linked-papers h3>span{color:var(--rust);margin-left:8px;font-size:11px}.rl-linked-papers ol{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.rl-linked-papers li{border-top:1px solid #d8e2e9;padding:13px 0}.rl-linked-papers li:first-child{border-top:0}.rl-linked-papers li>button{text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:15px;width:100%;padding:0;font:500 15px/1.8 Noto Serif KR,serif;display:flex}.rl-linked-papers li>button>span{color:var(--rust);flex-shrink:0}.rl-linked-papers li>small{color:var(--muted);margin-top:5px;font-size:10px;display:block}.rl-linked-papers .rl-help{margin:10px 0 0;font-size:10px}.rl-comment-list>li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:21px 0}.rl-comment-meta{gap:12px 17px}.rl-delete-comment{min-height:30px;margin-left:auto;padding:0;font-size:10px}.rl-comment-list>li>p{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:12px 0 0;font-size:13px;line-height:2}.rl-comments-empty{color:var(--muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0 30px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.rl-comment-composer{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#f6f8fa;margin-top:31px;padding:25px 26px}.rl-comment-composer>h3{margin:0 0 20px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.8}.research-lounge .rl-comment-composer .rl-label>textarea{min-height:130px}.rl-comment-composer .rl-composer-actions{align-items:flex-end}.rl-comment-composer .rl-fixed-name{margin-bottom:18px}.rl-login-note{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--muted);margin:26px 0;padding:21px 0;font-size:12px;line-height:2}.rl-login-note>a{color:var(--rust);text-underline-offset:4px;margin-left:10px;text-decoration:underline;display:inline-block}.rl-loading{color:var(--muted);padding:50px 0;font-size:13px}.rl-unavailable{text-align:center;padding:40px 15px 70px}.rl-unavailable>h1{font-size:26px;line-height:1.8}.rl-unavailable>p{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:25px;font-size:13px;line-height:2}.rl-sr-only{clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border:0;width:1px;height:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}@media (max-width:1050px){.rl-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:35px}.rl-aside h2{font-size:22px}.rl-paper-bridge{gap:20px}.rl-paper-bridge>div:first-child{flex-basis:310px}}@media (max-width:700px){.research-lounge{margin-bottom:40px}.rl-heading{margin-bottom:23px;padding:32px 0 27px;display:block}.rl-heading h1{margin:9px 0 12px;font-size:33px}.rl-heading p{font-size:12px}.rl-heading>.rl-primary{margin-top:21px;font-size:11px}.rl-layout{display:block}.rl-aside{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:35px;padding-top:25px}.rl-aside h2{font-size:20px}.rl-aside h2>br,.rl-aside>p>br{display:none}.rl-aside>p{margin-bottom:20px;font-size:11px}.rl-aside ul{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 16px;margin-bottom:15px;display:grid}.rl-aside .rl-aside-note{max-width:none;font-size:10px}.rl-aside-rule{margin-bottom:12px}.rl-filters{gap:4px;margin-bottom:17px}.rl-filters>button{padding:8px 9px;font-size:11px}.rl-search{gap:8px;margin-bottom:25px}.rl-search>input{font-size:12px}.rl-search>button{font-size:11px}.rl-list-heading h2{font-size:16px}.rl-list-heading{gap:10px}.rl-list-heading>span{font-size:9px}.rl-posts>li{padding:20px 0}.rl-posts h3{font-size:18px}.rl-excerpt{font-size:11px}.rl-row-meta,.rl-comment-meta{gap:7px 12px}.rl-row-meta>.rl-identity{flex-basis:100%}.rl-comment-link{margin-left:0}.rl-empty{padding:38px 14px 44px}.rl-empty h3{font-size:19px}.rl-empty>p{font-size:11px}.rl-composer{padding:20px 16px}.rl-composer-heading{align-items:flex-start;gap:15px}.rl-composer-heading h2{font-size:20px}.research-lounge .rl-label{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:11px}.research-lounge .rl-label>input,.research-lounge .rl-label>textarea,.research-lounge .rl-label>select{padding:10px;font-size:16px}.research-lounge .rl-label>textarea{min-height:210px}.research-lounge .rl-label>small{font-size:10px}.rl-composer-actions{margin-top:16px;padding-top:16px;display:block}.rl-composer-actions>.rl-primary{justify-content:space-between;width:100%;margin-top:17px}.rl-fixed-name>span{display:inline-block}.rl-back-row{margin-bottom:26px;padding:18px 0}.rl-back-row>span{text-align:right;max-width:120px;font-size:9px}.rl-article h1{margin:14px 0 18px;font-size:26px}.rl-article-meta{gap:6px 13px;padding-bottom:19px;font-size:10px}.rl-article-meta>.rl-identity{flex-basis:100%}.rl-article-meta>.rl-identity>button{font-size:12px}.rl-post-body{min-height:160px;padding:23px 0 29px;font-size:13px;line-height:2.1}.rl-paper-bridge{gap:19px;margin-bottom:29px;padding:22px 18px}.rl-paper-bridge h2{font-size:19px}.rl-paper-bridge p{font-size:11px}.rl-paper-bridge>.rl-primary{white-space:normal;justify-content:space-between;width:100%}.rl-linked-papers{padding-top:19px}.rl-linked-papers li>button{font-size:14px}.rl-comments>.rl-list-heading{display:block}.rl-comments>.rl-list-heading>span{margin-top:5px;display:block}.rl-comment-list>li>p{font-size:12px}.rl-comment-meta>.rl-identity{flex-basis:100%}.rl-comment-composer{margin-top:24px;padding:20px 16px}.rl-comment-composer>h3{font-size:17px}.rl-login-note{font-size:11px}.rl-login-note>a{margin-top:8px;margin-left:0;display:block}.rl-error{padding:12px;display:block}.rl-error>button{margin-top:5px;padding:0}.rl-unavailable>h1{font-size:22px}.rl-pagination{gap:16px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.research-lounge *{scroll-behavior:auto!important}}@media print{.research-lounge{display:none!important}}
.paper-discovery{margin-bottom:48px}.discovery-search>label{margin-bottom:10px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;display:block}.discovery-search-input{background:#fff;border:1px solid #99a5a8;align-items:center;gap:14px;min-height:54px;padding:0 16px;display:flex}.discovery-search-input>span{font-size:27px;line-height:1}.discovery-search-input input{background:0 0;border:0;outline:none;flex:1;min-width:0;padding:15px 0}.discovery-search-input:focus-within{outline:2px solid var(--rust);outline-offset:2px}.discovery-search-input button{white-space:nowrap;padding:9px 0;font-size:11px}.discovery-hint{color:var(--muted);margin:9px 0 20px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.discovery-controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:end;gap:16px;display:grid}.discovery-controls label{flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px;min-width:0;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;display:flex}.discovery-controls select{width:100%;min-width:0;min-height:46px;padding:11px 30px 11px 11px;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5}.discovery-applied{background:#eef1e9;border:1px solid #d6dfd2;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:20px 0;padding:13px;font-size:11px;display:flex}.discovery-applied>span{margin-right:4px;font-weight:600}.discovery-chip{text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:#fff;border:1px solid #b8c5ba;align-items:center;gap:10px;max-width:100%;padding:7px 10px;font-size:11px;display:inline-flex}.discovery-chip>span{font-size:16px;line-height:1}.discovery-reset{padding:7px;font-size:11px;text-decoration:underline}.discovery-results-heading{border-bottom:2px solid var(--ink);flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:28px;padding:0 0 14px;scroll-margin-top:24px;display:flex}.discovery-results-heading p{margin:0;font-size:12px}.discovery-results-heading strong{color:var(--ink);margin-right:9px;font-size:17px}.discovery-results-heading>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.discovery-sort-note,.discovery-demo-note{color:#5c6e66;background:#edf2eb;border-bottom:1px solid #d3ddcf;margin:0;padding:11px 13px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.discovery-demo-note{color:#456b83;background:#e8f0f5;border-bottom-color:#ccdbe5}.discovery-result{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.discovery-result .paper-row{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:13px}.discovery-row-metrics{color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:10px 20px;padding:0 40px 18px;font-size:10px;display:flex}.discovery-row-metrics>span+span{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:20px}.discovery-empty{text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);background:#edf3f7;padding:50px 20px}.discovery-empty>.eyebrow{color:var(--rust);justify-content:center;font-size:9px}.discovery-empty h2{margin:17px 0;font-size:24px}.discovery-empty p{color:var(--muted);font-size:12px;line-height:2}.discovery-empty>div:last-child{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:22px;display:flex}.discovery-pagination{justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:25px;margin-top:28px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.discovery-pagination button{border:1px solid #a6b1ad;min-height:42px;padding:10px 16px}.discovery-pagination button:disabled{cursor:default}.discovery-pagination span{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}@media (min-width:1150px){.discovery-controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media (max-width:700px){.discovery-controls{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:13px 10px}.discovery-controls select{min-height:46px;font-size:11px}.discovery-search-input{gap:10px;padding:0 12px}.discovery-search-input input{font-size:12px}.discovery-search-input button,.discovery-hint{font-size:10px}.discovery-results-heading{align-items:flex-start;gap:8px}.discovery-results-heading>span{font-size:10px}.discovery-row-metrics{gap:6px 12px;padding:0 29px 16px;font-size:9px}.discovery-row-metrics>span+span{padding-left:12px}.discovery-empty{padding:35px 14px}.discovery-empty h2{font-size:21px}.discovery-empty p{font-size:11px}.discovery-empty p br{display:none}.discovery-pagination{gap:15px}}
.pr-citation-tools{margin-top:12px}.pr-citation-tools details{border:1px solid var(--line,#d4dee5);background:var(--paper,#f3f6f8);margin:0 0 9px}.pr-citation-tools summary{cursor:pointer;padding:12px 10px;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.6;display:list-item}.pr-citation-tools summary span{float:right;margin-left:6px}.pr-citation-tools summary:focus-visible,.pr-related-papers button:focus-visible{outline-offset:3px;outline:2px solid #2b6687}.pr-citation-content label{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:11px;display:block}.pr-citation-content textarea,.pr-citation-content input{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font:inherit;resize:vertical;color:var(--ink,#282621);background:#fff;border:1px solid #c6d6e0;border-radius:0;padding:9px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}.pr-citation-content button{min-height:36px;padding:9px 7px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.5}.pr-citation-content>button{width:100%;margin:7px 0}.pr-export-buttons{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;align-items:stretch;gap:6px;display:grid}.pr-export-buttons button{width:100%;height:100%;margin:0}.pr-citation-content p,.pr-copy-status{color:#596f7e;overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:8px 0 0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.pr-copy-status:empty{display:none}.pr-local-identifier{border-top:1px solid #d4dee5;padding-top:8px}.pr-local-identifier code{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:10px}.pr-draft-notice{color:#596f7e;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.pr-related-papers{border-top:2px solid var(--ink,#282621);margin:36px 0 24px;padding:19px 0 0}.pr-section-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:16px;margin-bottom:18px;display:flex}.pr-section-heading span{letter-spacing:1.6px;color:#2b6687;font-size:9px}.pr-section-heading h2{margin:5px 0 0;font-size:20px}.pr-section-heading>small{color:#627888;text-align:right;font-size:10px}.pr-related-group h3{margin:0 0 9px;font-size:12px}.pr-related-group ul{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));align-items:stretch;gap:12px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.pr-related-group li{border:1px solid var(--line,#d4dee5);background:var(--paper,#f3f6f8);flex-direction:column;gap:8px;padding:14px 15px;display:flex}.pr-related-reason{color:#2b6687;font-size:9px;line-height:1.7}.pr-related-group button{font:inherit;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink,#282621);overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:0 0;border:0;padding:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.65}.pr-related-group button span{color:#2b6687;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px}.pr-related-group li p{color:#627888;margin:auto 0 0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.6}.pr-related-explanation,.pr-related-empty{color:#627888;max-width:68ch;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pr-related-explanation{margin:18px 0 0}.pr-related-empty{margin:0;padding:14px 0}.pr-reading-summary{border-top:1px solid var(--line,#d4dee5);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line,#d4dee5);margin:0 0 16px;padding:11px 0}.pr-reading-summary dl{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:16px;margin:0;display:flex}.pr-reading-summary dt{color:#627888;margin:0 0 5px;font-size:9px}.pr-reading-summary dd{margin:0;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.pr-reading-summary>p{color:#627888;margin:10px 0 0;font-size:9px;line-height:1.6}@media (max-width:600px){.pr-related-group ul{grid-template-columns:1fr}.pr-section-heading{align-items:flex-start}.pr-section-heading h2{font-size:19px}.pr-citation-tools summary{padding:14px 12px}.pr-citation-content{padding:0 12px 12px}.pr-citation-content button{min-height:42px}.pr-copy-status,.pr-citation-content p{font-size:11px}}@media print{.pr-citation-tools,.pr-related-papers,.pr-reading-summary{display:none}}.pr-citation-tools{min-width:0;margin-top:16px}.pr-citation-tools details{background:var(--paper,#fafbfc);margin-bottom:12px}.pr-citation-tools summary{overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-height:44px;padding:12px 30px 12px 14px;line-height:1.7;position:relative}.pr-citation-tools summary span{float:none;margin:0;position:absolute;top:12px;right:12px}.pr-citation-content{padding:0 14px 14px}.pr-citation-content label{margin-bottom:8px;line-height:1.7}.pr-citation-content textarea,.pr-citation-content input{padding:10px;line-height:1.8}.pr-citation-content button{min-height:40px;padding:10px 6px;line-height:1.6}.pr-citation-content>button{margin:8px 0}.pr-export-buttons{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px}.pr-citation-content p,.pr-copy-status{margin-top:12px;font-size:11px}.pr-local-identifier{padding-top:12px}.pr-related-papers{min-width:0;margin-top:40px;padding-top:24px}.pr-section-heading{margin-bottom:20px}.pr-section-heading>div{min-width:0}.pr-section-heading span{font-size:10px}.pr-section-heading h2{margin-top:8px;font-size:22px;line-height:1.5}.pr-section-heading>small{font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}.pr-related-group{margin:24px 0}.pr-related-group h3{margin-bottom:12px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}.pr-related-group ul{gap:16px}.pr-related-group li{background:var(--paper,#fafbfc);gap:10px;min-width:0;padding:16px}.pr-related-reason{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:11px}.pr-related-group button{font-size:15px;line-height:1.7}.pr-related-group li p{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}.pr-related-explanation,.pr-related-empty{font-size:12px}.pr-related-explanation{margin-top:24px}.pr-related-empty{padding:16px 0}.pr-reading-summary{margin-bottom:20px;padding:16px 0}.pr-reading-summary dl{gap:16px 24px}.pr-reading-summary dl div{min-width:72px}.pr-reading-summary dt{margin-bottom:6px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.6}.pr-reading-summary dd{font-size:13px;line-height:1.6}.pr-reading-summary>p{margin-top:12px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}@media (max-width:600px){.pr-section-heading h2{font-size:21px}.pr-citation-tools summary{padding:12px 30px 12px 14px}.pr-citation-content{padding:0 14px 14px}.pr-citation-content button{min-height:44px;font-size:12px}.pr-citation-content textarea,.pr-citation-content input{font-size:12px}.pr-reading-summary dl{gap:16px}}@media (max-width:420px){.pr-section-heading{flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.pr-section-heading>small{text-align:left}}
.sr-review{border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:2px solid var(--ink);background:#f1f5f8;margin:35px 0 25px;padding:26px 28px}.sr-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:18px;display:flex}.sr-heading h2{margin:12px 0 0;font-size:24px;line-height:1.6}.sr-count{text-align:right;color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;flex-shrink:0;font:15px/1.35 Georgia,serif}.sr-count b{color:var(--rust);font-size:33px;font-weight:400}.sr-count small{margin-top:4px;font:10px/1.8 Noto Sans KR,sans-serif;display:block}.sr-intro{color:var(--muted);margin:18px 0 21px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.95}.sr-checks{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}.sr-check{border-top:1px solid #d8d7cb;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;padding:16px 0;display:flex}.sr-check-marker{color:#4c694f;background:#edf0e6;border:1px solid #b6bfac;flex:0 0 20px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;height:20px;margin-top:1px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.sr-check-attention .sr-check-marker{color:var(--rust);background:#e7f0f6;border-color:#a9bfce}.sr-check-optional .sr-check-marker{color:var(--muted);background:#f2f6f8;border-color:#ccd0c4}.sr-check>div{flex:1;min-width:0}.sr-check b{font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.7}.sr-check p{color:var(--muted);margin:6px 0 0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}.sr-check>button{white-space:nowrap;color:var(--rust);border-bottom:1px solid #c3ab94;flex-shrink:0;padding:2px 0 6px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}.sr-check>button:focus-visible,.sr-completed summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--rust);outline-offset:4px}.sr-completed{border-top:1px solid #d8d7cb;margin-top:10px}.sr-completed summary{cursor:pointer;color:#53696a;padding:15px 0;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.sr-completed .sr-check:first-child{border-top:0}.sr-all-filled{color:#536a58;border-top:1px solid #d8d7cb;margin:0;padding:16px 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.sr-visibility{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d4d6c8;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;margin-top:20px;display:grid}.sr-visibility>div{min-width:0;padding:15px 18px}.sr-visibility>div+div{border-left:1px solid #d4d6c8}.sr-visibility b{font-size:11px;font-weight:500}.sr-visibility p{color:var(--muted);margin:7px 0 0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}.sr-advisory{color:#456b83;margin:15px 0 0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}@media (max-width:700px){.sr-review{margin-top:28px;padding:22px 17px}.sr-heading h2{margin-top:10px;font-size:20px}.sr-count b{font-size:28px}.sr-count{font-size:12px}.sr-count small{font-size:8px}.sr-intro{font-size:10px}.sr-check{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;padding:15px 0}.sr-check b{font-size:11px}.sr-check>div{flex-basis:calc(100% - 32px)}.sr-check>button{margin-left:29px;padding-top:2px}.sr-visibility{grid-template-columns:1fr}.sr-visibility>div+div{border-top:1px solid #d4d6c8;border-left:0}.sr-visibility>div{padding:14px 15px}.sr-advisory{font-size:9px}}@media print{.sr-review{display:none!important}}.sr-review{min-width:0;container-type:inline-size}@container (max-width:430px){.sr-heading h2{font-size:20px}.sr-count b{font-size:28px}.sr-count small{font-size:8px}.sr-intro{font-size:10px}.sr-check{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px}.sr-check>div{flex-basis:calc(100% - 32px)}.sr-check>button{margin-left:29px}.sr-check b{font-size:11px}.sr-visibility{grid-template-columns:1fr}.sr-visibility>div+div{border-top:1px solid #d4d6c8;border-left:0}.sr-visibility>div{padding:14px 15px}.sr-completed summary{font-size:10px}}.submission-sidebar>.sr-review{margin-top:0}.sr-heading>div{min-width:0}.sr-check{grid-template-columns:20px minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:8px 12px;display:grid}.sr-check>div{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.sr-check>button{align-self:start;margin-left:0}.sr-visibility{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}.sr-visibility p,.sr-intro,.sr-advisory{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.sr-intro,.sr-check p,.sr-visibility p,.sr-advisory{font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}@container (max-width:430px){.sr-heading{flex-direction:column;gap:12px}.sr-heading h2{margin-top:8px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.55}.sr-count{text-align:left;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:6px;font-size:12px;display:flex}.sr-count b{font-size:27px}.sr-count small{margin-top:0;margin-left:4px;font-size:10px}.sr-check{grid-template-columns:20px minmax(0,1fr);column-gap:9px}.sr-check>button{grid-column:2;justify-self:start;margin-left:0;padding-top:0}.sr-intro,.sr-check p,.sr-visibility p,.sr-advisory{font-size:11px}.sr-visibility{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}}
.paper-save{color:#506674;white-space:nowrap;background:#fff;border:1px solid #ccd9e1;border-radius:3px;flex-shrink:0;justify-content:center;align-self:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:6px;min-height:36px;margin-top:28px;padding:7px 10px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.4;display:inline-flex}.paper-save svg{flex:none;display:block}.paper-save:hover{color:#214d68;background:#eaf1f5;border-color:#7e9caf}.paper-save.is-saved{color:#214d68;background:#e7eff4;border-color:#9eb6c5}.paper-save-full{justify-content:flex-start;width:100%;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:16px;padding:11px 12px;font-size:12px}.paper-save:focus-visible{outline-offset:3px;outline:2px solid #2b6687}@media (max-width:700px){.paper-save{gap:4px;margin-top:21px;padding:7px 8px;font-size:10px}.paper-save-full{width:auto;min-height:42px;margin-top:0;margin-right:15px;font-size:12px;display:inline-flex}}@media print{.paper-save{display:none!important}}
.cover-orbit{--orbit-width:112%;--orbit-height:30%;--orbit-center-x:50%;--orbit-center-y:65%;--orbit-angle:14deg;left:var(--orbit-center-x);top:var(--orbit-center-y);width:var(--orbit-width);height:var(--orbit-height);transform:translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(var(--orbit-angle));transform-origin:50%;pointer-events:none;color:var(--cover-blue,#9bbdcc);position:absolute}.cover-orbit--second{--orbit-angle:-14deg}.cover-orbit--rear{z-index:1}.cover-orbit--front{z-index:4}.cover-orbit-ellipse{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid;border-radius:50%;position:absolute;inset:0}.cover-orbit--front .cover-orbit-ellipse{clip-path:inset(50% 0 0)}.cover-orbit-electron{background:currentColor;border-radius:50%;width:4px;height:4px;position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%)}.cover-orbit--second .cover-orbit-electron{left:0}
.cover.issue-cover{--cover-white:#f6f9fc;--cover-blue:#9bbdcc;--cover-accent:#b4cdf0;color:var(--cover-white);aspect-ratio:.74;background:#143348;border:1px solid #143348;min-height:0;padding:23px 23px 20px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;box-shadow:7px 9px #dbe3e9;container-type:inline-size}.cover.issue-cover:before{content:"";background:var(--cover-accent);width:45px;height:3px;position:absolute;top:0;left:23px}.issue-cover-masthead{border-bottom:1px solid #f6f9fc40;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;padding-bottom:13px;display:flex}.issue-cover-brand{letter-spacing:-.8px;font:700 clamp(14px,6.8cqw,21px)/1.25 Noto Serif KR,Georgia,serif}.issue-cover-volume{white-space:nowrap;color:var(--cover-blue);letter-spacing:.1px;font-size:clamp(6px,2.7cqw,9px)}.issue-cover-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:8px;margin-top:20px;display:flex}.issue-cover-title{letter-spacing:-1.7px;font:600 clamp(28px,16.4cqw,50px)/1.19 Noto Serif KR,Georgia,serif}.issue-cover-title>span{display:block}.issue-cover-title>span:last-child{color:var(--cover-accent)}.issue-cover-edition{border-top:2px solid var(--cover-accent);color:var(--cover-accent);letter-spacing:1.2px;white-space:nowrap;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:5px;padding-top:5px;padding-bottom:3px;font-size:clamp(7px,2.8cqw,9px);display:flex}.issue-cover-edition>b{letter-spacing:-1px;font:400 clamp(23px,10.5cqw,32px)/1 Georgia,serif}.issue-cover-art{flex:auto;justify-content:center;min-height:0;margin:9px 0 7px;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.issue-cover-scene{aspect-ratio:1402/1122;isolation:isolate;flex:none;max-width:100%;height:100%;margin-inline:auto;position:relative;overflow:visible}.issue-cover-cup-mask{z-index:2;pointer-events:none;background:#143348;position:absolute;inset:0;-webkit-mask:url(/images/inaugural-noodles-reference-v4.png) 50%/contain no-repeat;-webkit-mask-source-type:alpha;mask:url(/images/inaugural-noodles-reference-v4.png) 50%/contain no-repeat alpha}.issue-cover .issue-cover-illustration{object-fit:contain;z-index:3;pointer-events:none;filter:grayscale()contrast(4);mix-blend-mode:screen;width:100%;height:100%;max-height:none;display:block;position:absolute;inset:0}.issue-cover-caption{color:var(--cover-blue);letter-spacing:.4px;padding-bottom:13px;font-size:clamp(7px,2.9cqw,9px);line-height:1.5}.issue-cover-footer{letter-spacing:.75px;border-top:1px solid #f6f9fc40;justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-end;gap:10px;padding-top:12px;font:clamp(5px,2.3cqw,7px)/1.8 Arial,sans-serif;display:flex}.issue-cover-footer>span:last-child{color:var(--cover-blue);text-align:right}@media (max-width:700px){.cover.issue-cover{padding:15px 13px 13px;box-shadow:4px 6px #dbe3e9}.cover.issue-cover:before{left:13px}.issue-cover-masthead{gap:5px;padding-bottom:10px}.issue-cover-heading{margin-top:17px}.issue-cover-title{letter-spacing:-1.1px}.issue-cover-caption{padding-bottom:10px}.issue-cover-footer{letter-spacing:.35px;gap:5px;padding-top:9px}}
.xr-record{min-width:0}.xr-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:start;gap:18px;display:flex}.xr-heading h2{margin-top:10px}.xr-kind{color:#2b6687;border:1px solid #b9cdd9;flex-shrink:0;padding:6px 9px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.6;display:block}.article-section .xr-intro{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}.xr-stats{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#f5f8fa;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 2fr;gap:16px;margin:22px 0;padding:18px;display:grid}.xr-stats>div{min-width:0}.xr-stats dt{color:var(--muted);font-size:11px;line-height:1.6}.xr-stats dd{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin:7px 0 0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.6}.xr-stats dd small{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px;display:block}.xr-downloads{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;margin:20px 0 28px;display:flex}.xr-downloads a{background:#fff;border:1px solid #afc0cc;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:14px;min-height:44px;padding:12px 14px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;display:flex}.xr-downloads span{white-space:nowrap;color:var(--muted);font-size:10px}.xr-record>h3{margin:28px 0 10px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.7}.article-section .xr-help{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:14px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.xr-table-scroll{overscroll-behavior-x:contain;max-width:100%;margin:16px 0;overflow:auto}.xr-table-scroll:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--rust);outline-offset:3px}.xr-record table{border-collapse:collapse;background:#fff;width:100%;min-width:640px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7}.xr-record table caption{text-align:left;color:var(--muted);padding:0 0 9px;font-size:11px}.xr-record th,.xr-record td{border:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;text-align:left;overflow-wrap:anywhere;max-width:260px;padding:10px 12px}.xr-record th{background:#eef3f6;min-width:95px;font-weight:500}.xr-record .xr-raw th{min-width:115px}.xr-record th small{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px;display:block}.xr-record td{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.xr-details{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:18px;padding-top:15px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.xr-details>summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:36px;padding:7px 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.xr-details h4{margin:22px 0 9px;font-size:13px}.article-section .xr-details p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.xr-details ul{margin:12px 0 18px;padding-left:20px}.xr-details li{overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:8px 0}.xr-generator{background:#fff;border:1px solid #afc0cc;min-height:44px;padding:11px 14px;display:inline-flex}.xr-command{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:#eef3f6;padding:14px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.xr-reproduction{margin:18px 0}.xr-reproduction>div{gap:16px;display:flex}.xr-reproduction dt{width:90px;color:var(--muted)}.xr-reproduction dd{margin:0}.xr-hashes code{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:10px;display:block}#experiment-record{scroll-margin-top:24px}.article-mobile-tools .xr-jump{color:#2b6687;border-color:#aac3d3}@media (max-width:700px){.xr-heading{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}.xr-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;padding:16px}.xr-stats>div:last-child{grid-column:1/-1}.xr-stats dd{font-size:16px}.xr-downloads a{flex:auto}.xr-downloads{gap:8px}.xr-record table{font-size:11px}.xr-record th,.xr-record td{padding:8px 10px}.xr-record>h3{font-size:14px}}@media print{.xr-downloads,.xr-generator,.xr-command,.xr-hashes{display:none}.xr-stats{break-inside:avoid;background:#fff}.xr-table-scroll{overflow:visible}.xr-record table{min-width:0;font-size:8pt}.xr-raw,.xr-details:not([open]){display:none}.xr-record th,.xr-record td{min-width:0;padding:5px}.xr-record tr{break-inside:avoid}}
.prf-page{min-width:0}.prf-embedded .prf-heading{border:0;margin:0 0 24px;padding:0}.prf-embedded .prf-heading h2{margin:8px 0 12px;font-size:28px;line-height:1.5}.prf-embedded .prf-heading>.outline{margin-top:30px}.prf-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:32px;display:flex}.prf-heading>div{min-width:0}.prf-heading>.outline{flex-shrink:0;min-height:44px;margin-top:42px;font-size:12px}.prf-controls{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding-bottom:16px;display:flex}.prf-controls>button{border:1px solid var(--line);min-height:44px;color:var(--muted);background:0 0;border-radius:3px;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:10px 18px;font-size:13px;display:flex}.prf-controls>button[aria-pressed=true]{color:var(--ink);background:#eaf1f6;border-color:#9ab0c0}.prf-controls>button>span{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:11px}.prf-controls>button:focus-visible,.prf-example>summary:focus-visible,.prf-write:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--rust);outline-offset:4px}.prf-help{color:var(--muted);margin:16px 0 28px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.prf-selection-summary{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 28px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;display:flex}.prf-selection-summary b{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;margin-left:8px;font-weight:600}.prf-family-note{color:var(--muted);margin:10px 0 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.prf-personal>.rc-history{margin:28px 0 42px}.prf-picker{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fbfcfd;margin-bottom:26px;padding:22px 24px}.prf-picker-heading{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:16px;margin-bottom:16px;display:flex}.prf-picker-heading h3{margin:0;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.7}.prf-picker-heading>span{color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:11px}.prf-picker>label{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:7px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;display:block}.prf-picker>input{width:100%;min-height:44px;font:inherit;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;border:1px solid #bdcbd4;border-radius:3px;padding:10px 12px;font-size:13px}.prf-choices{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:8px;margin:12px 0 0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid}.prf-choices>li{min-width:0}.prf-choices button{text-align:left;border:1px solid var(--line);width:100%;min-height:70px;color:var(--ink);background:#fff;border-radius:3px;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:14px;padding:12px;display:flex}.prf-choices button[aria-current=true]{background:#edf4f7;border-color:#829fac}.prf-choices button>span{min-width:0}.prf-choices b{overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.7;display:block}.prf-choices small{color:var(--muted);overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin-top:3px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.7;display:block}.prf-choices em{color:var(--rust);white-space:nowrap;flex-shrink:0;font-size:10px;font-style:normal}.prf-choice-pages{justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;gap:18px;margin-top:16px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8;display:flex}.prf-choice-pages>button{min-height:36px;color:var(--ink);padding:4px}.prf-choice-pages>button:disabled{color:#a1a9ae;cursor:default}.prf-choice-pages>span{color:var(--muted);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.prf-no-results{color:var(--muted);margin:14px 0 0;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.prf-current-study{border-left:3px solid #648998;margin-bottom:16px;padding-left:14px}.prf-current-study>span{color:var(--muted);font-size:10px}.prf-current-study h3{overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:6px 0 3px;font-size:16px;line-height:1.8}.prf-current-study small{color:var(--muted);overflow-wrap:anywhere;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.prf-picker>input:focus-visible,.prf-choices button:focus-visible,.prf-choice-pages>button:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--rust);outline-offset:3px}.prf-empty{border:1px solid var(--line);text-align:center;background:#f4f7f9;padding:48px 28px 42px}.prf-empty-mark{letter-spacing:3px;color:#7894a5;font:italic 18px/1.8 Georgia,serif}.prf-empty h2{margin:18px 0 14px;font-size:24px;line-height:1.6}.prf-empty p{max-width:560px;color:var(--muted);margin:0 auto;font-size:13px;line-height:2}.prf-empty-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:12px 24px;margin-top:24px;display:flex}.prf-empty-actions>button{min-height:44px;font-size:12px}.prf-write{color:var(--rust);padding:10px 4px}.prf-example{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:36px 0}.prf-example>summary{cursor:pointer;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;min-height:58px;padding:16px 0;font-size:13px;list-style:none;display:flex}.prf-example>summary>span:before{content:"+";width:26px;color:var(--rust);vertical-align:-1px;font-size:18px;display:inline-block}.prf-example[open]>summary>span:before{content:"−"}.prf-example>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.prf-example>summary small{color:var(--muted);text-align:right;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.prf-example>p{color:var(--muted);max-width:750px;margin:0 0 24px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.prf-example>.rc-history{margin:0 0 26px}@media (max-width:700px){.prf-heading{display:block}.prf-heading>.outline{margin-top:20px;font-size:11px}.prf-controls>button{gap:9px;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px}.prf-help,.prf-family-note,.prf-example>p{font-size:11px}.prf-selection-summary{gap:8px 18px;font-size:11px}.prf-picker{padding:18px 14px}.prf-picker-heading{margin-bottom:14px;display:block}.prf-picker-heading>span{margin-top:4px;display:block}.prf-choices{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.prf-choice-pages{justify-content:space-between;gap:9px;font-size:10px}.prf-current-study h3{font-size:14px}.prf-empty{padding:34px 18px}.prf-empty h2{font-size:21px}.prf-empty p,.prf-example>summary{font-size:12px}.prf-example>summary small{max-width:105px;font-size:10px}}@media print{.prf-page{display:none!important}}
.pdoc-view{--pdoc-ink:#24303c;--pdoc-muted:#65717d;--pdoc-line:#dce2e8;min-width:0;max-width:100%;color:var(--pdoc-ink);margin:30px 0 52px}.pdoc-toolbar{z-index:10;background:#fafcfe;border:1px solid #cfd8e1;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding:12px 16px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;display:flex;position:sticky;top:8px;box-shadow:0 3px 14px #1732480a}.pdoc-toolbar button{white-space:nowrap;min-height:44px;color:var(--pdoc-ink);border:1px solid #0000;padding:8px 12px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.pdoc-toolbar button:hover{color:#174d73;background:#e9eff4}.pdoc-toolbar-title{min-width:0;margin-right:auto}.pdoc-toolbar-title b{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;display:block}.pdoc-toolbar-title span{color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin-top:3px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.7;display:block}.pdoc-toolbar-actions{flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;gap:12px;display:flex}.pdoc-size{background:#fff;border:1px solid #cbd6df;padding:2px;display:flex}.pdoc-size button[aria-pressed=true]{color:#fff;background:#233e53}.pdoc-toolbar .pdoc-print{background:#fff;border-color:#cbd6df}.pdoc-stage{overscroll-behavior-x:contain;background:#e9edf2;border:1px solid #d6dde5;border-top:0;max-width:100%;padding:32px 20px;overflow:auto}.pdoc-stage:focus-visible{outline-offset:3px;outline:2px solid #2b6687}.pdoc-document{overflow-wrap:anywhere;background:#fff;border:1px solid #e0e4e9;width:210mm;max-width:100%;min-height:297mm;margin:0 auto;padding:21mm 20mm 18mm;font-family:Noto Serif KR,Georgia,serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.95;box-shadow:0 5px 24px #17324818}.pdoc-stage-actual .pdoc-document{max-width:none}.pdoc-document .pdoc-masthead{letter-spacing:.3px;border-bottom:2px solid #243a4b;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;padding-bottom:12px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.6;display:flex}.pdoc-masthead>span:first-child{letter-spacing:-.7px;font-family:Noto Serif KR,Georgia,serif;font-size:19px;font-weight:700}.pdoc-document .pdoc-meta{color:var(--pdoc-muted);justify-content:space-between;align-items:start;gap:20px;margin:18px 0 28px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:1.6;display:flex}.pdoc-document h1{letter-spacing:-.7px;text-wrap:pretty;color:var(--pdoc-ink);margin:0 0 20px;font-size:27px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.65}.pdoc-document .pdoc-author{margin:0;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .pdoc-affiliation{color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin:6px 0 0;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .pdoc-identifier{color:#516475;margin:12px 0 22px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-identifier span{color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin-left:10px;display:inline-block}.pdoc-disclosure{border-top:1px solid var(--pdoc-line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--pdoc-line);color:var(--pdoc-muted);padding:12px 0;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif}.pdoc-document .pdoc-disclosure p{white-space:pre-line;margin:0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.95}.pdoc-disclosure p+p{margin-top:6px}.pdoc-disclosure b{color:#3d5162;margin-right:8px;font-weight:600}.pdoc-disclosure b:not(:first-child){margin-left:20px}.pdoc-document .article-section{border-top:0;min-width:0;margin:30px 0 0;padding:0;scroll-margin-top:105px}.pdoc-document .article-section h2,.pdoc-document .pdoc-data-appendix>h2{letter-spacing:-.3px;color:var(--pdoc-ink);break-after:avoid;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;margin:0 0 16px;font-size:19px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.7;display:flex}.pdoc-section>h2>span,.pdoc-data-appendix>h2>span{color:#6c7d8b;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:15px;font-weight:400}.pdoc-document .article-section p{color:var(--pdoc-ink);white-space:pre-line;margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.95}.pdoc-document .pt-content p+p{margin-top:15px}.pdoc-document .article-section .pt-heading{color:#344d60;letter-spacing:0;break-after:avoid;margin:24px 0 9px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .article-section .pt-heading:first-child{margin-top:0}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract{border-bottom:1px solid #9eabb7;margin-top:28px;padding-bottom:24px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract h2{margin-bottom:14px;font-size:17px}.pdoc-abstract h2>span{color:var(--pdoc-muted);font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:400}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract .pt-content p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.95}.pdoc-original-abstract+.pdoc-abstract-parts{margin-top:16px}.pdoc-abstract-parts{margin:0}.pdoc-abstract-parts>div{grid-template-columns:64px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;margin-top:12px;display:grid}.pdoc-abstract-parts>div:first-child{margin-top:0}.pdoc-abstract-parts dt{color:#304c63;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;line-height:2.1}.pdoc-abstract-parts dd{min-width:0;margin:0}.pdoc-document .pdoc-keywords{border-top:1px dotted var(--pdoc-line);color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin:18px 0 0;padding-top:12px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-keywords b{color:#405566;margin-right:10px;font-weight:600}.pdoc-document .pdoc-unwritten{color:var(--pdoc-muted);font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-contents{border-bottom:1px solid var(--pdoc-line);margin:16px 0 8px;padding-bottom:10px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px}.pdoc-contents summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;padding:10px 0}.pdoc-contents nav{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px 18px;padding:0 0 6px;display:flex}.pdoc-contents a{color:#2b6687;text-underline-offset:4px;align-items:center;min-height:36px;text-decoration:underline;display:inline-flex}.pdoc-document .pdoc-visuals .article-section{margin-top:25px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-visuals h2{letter-spacing:0;margin-bottom:10px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.pdoc-document .manuscript-body>.manuscript-visual{margin:24px 0 28px}.pdoc-document .manuscript-body>.manuscript-visual+p{margin-top:16px}.pdoc-document .manuscript-visual .journal-figure,.pdoc-document .manuscript-visual .sc-output-figure{margin:0}.pdoc-document .manuscript-unplaced>h2{font-size:15px}.pdoc-document .manuscript-unplaced>.manuscript-visual+.manuscript-visual{margin-top:26px}.pdoc-document .sc-output-figure{border:0;margin:20px 0 28px;padding:0}.pdoc-document .sc-output-figure figcaption{margin:0 0 12px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .sc-output-figure figcaption span{color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin-top:5px;display:block}.pdoc-document .scg-chart{min-width:0;max-width:100%}.pdoc-document .scg-legend{font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .scg-plot{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}.pdoc-document .scg-svg{width:100%;display:block;min-width:0!important}.pdoc-document .scg-axis-text{font-size:12px}.pdoc-document .scg-axis-title{font-size:11px}.pdoc-document .sc-values{margin-top:10px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .sc-values summary{cursor:pointer;min-height:38px;padding:7px 0}.pdoc-document .sc-help{color:var(--pdoc-muted);font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:1.85}.pdoc-document .sc-table-scroll{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}.pdoc-document .sc-data-table{width:100%;min-width:0;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .sc-data-table th,.pdoc-document .sc-data-table td{overflow-wrap:anywhere;padding:8px}.pdoc-document .journal-figure{margin:20px 0 28px}.pdoc-document .journal-figure img{object-fit:contain;max-width:100%;max-height:100mm}.pdoc-document .journal-figure figcaption{border-bottom:0;padding:10px 0 0;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .journal-figure small{font-size:10px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-reference-list .article-section{margin:0}.pdoc-reference-list .article-section>h2{display:none}.pdoc-document .journal-references{margin:0;padding-left:20px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .journal-references li{margin:0 0 10px;padding:0}.pdoc-document .pdoc-references h3{margin:20px 0 10px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:12px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .pdoc-free-references p{font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-internal-references ol{margin:0;padding:0;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9;list-style:none}.pdoc-internal-references li{align-items:flex-start;gap:8px;margin:10px 0;display:flex}.pdoc-internal-references a{color:#2b6687;text-underline-offset:3px;flex:1;min-width:0;text-decoration:underline;display:block}.pdoc-internal-references li>b{white-space:nowrap;flex-shrink:0;font-weight:600}.pdoc-data-appendix{border-top:1px solid #9eabb7;margin-top:34px;padding-top:24px;scroll-margin-top:105px}.pdoc-data-appendix>p{color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin:0;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .xr-record{font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif}.pdoc-document .xr-heading h2{margin:8px 0 12px;font-size:14px}.pdoc-document .xr-heading .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.pdoc-document .xr-kind{font-size:9px}.pdoc-document .xr-intro,.pdoc-document .xr-help{font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .xr-stats{background:#fafbfc;margin:18px 0;padding:14px}.pdoc-document .xr-stats dd{font-size:14px}.pdoc-document .xr-record>h3{margin:24px 0 10px;font-size:12px}.pdoc-document .xr-table-scroll{max-width:100%}.pdoc-document .xr-record table{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .xr-details p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-footer{margin-top:36px;font-family:Noto Sans KR,Arial,sans-serif}.pdoc-document .paper-footer{border-top:1px solid #9eabb7;margin:0;padding-top:14px;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .paper-footer p{margin:8px 0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .paper-footer b{color:#3d5162;font-weight:600}.pdoc-document .journal-imprint{color:#647583;font-size:9px}.pdoc-document-note{color:var(--pdoc-muted);margin:12px 0 0;font-size:9px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document-note a{text-underline-offset:3px;text-decoration:underline}@media (max-width:1100px){.pdoc-toolbar{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 16px}.pdoc-toolbar-actions{margin-left:auto}.pdoc-toolbar-title span{display:none}}@media (max-width:700px){.pdoc-view{margin:24px 0 36px}.pdoc-toolbar{gap:8px;padding:10px;position:static}.pdoc-toolbar-title{display:none}.pdoc-toolbar button{padding:8px 10px;font-size:11px}.pdoc-toolbar-actions{flex-wrap:wrap;flex:1;justify-content:flex-end;gap:8px}.pdoc-toolbar .pdoc-back{text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #dce2e8;flex:100%}.pdoc-stage{padding:14px 8px}.pdoc-document{padding:28px 20px 30px;box-shadow:0 3px 12px #17324812}.pdoc-document .pdoc-masthead{padding-bottom:10px;font-size:9px}.pdoc-masthead>span:first-child{font-size:17px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-meta{gap:12px;margin:15px 0 22px;font-size:9px}.pdoc-document h1{margin-bottom:18px;font-size:22px;line-height:1.7}.pdoc-document .pdoc-author{font-size:12px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-affiliation{font-size:10px}.pdoc-identifier span{margin-left:0;display:block}.pdoc-disclosure b:not(:first-child){margin-left:10px}.pdoc-document .article-section p{font-size:13px;line-height:2}.pdoc-document .article-section h2,.pdoc-document .pdoc-data-appendix>h2{gap:9px;font-size:17px}.pdoc-document .article-section .pt-heading{font-size:12px;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract .pt-content p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.95}.pdoc-abstract-parts>div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:4px;margin-top:14px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract h2{font-size:16px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-visuals h2{font-size:12px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-unwritten{font-size:10px}.pdoc-document .pdoc-free-references p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.9}.pdoc-document .scg-svg{min-width:390px!important}.pdoc-document .sc-data-table{min-width:380px}.pdoc-document .xr-stats{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.pdoc-document .xr-stats>div:last-child{grid-column:1/-1}.pdoc-document .xr-downloads a{padding:10px;font-size:10px}.pdoc-document .xr-record th,.pdoc-document .xr-record td{padding:7px 8px}}@media print{@page{size:A4;margin:18mm 17mm 20mm}.pdoc-view{color:#000;margin:0}.pdoc-stage,.pdoc-stage-actual{background:#fff;border:0;padding:0;overflow:visible}.pdoc-document,.pdoc-stage-actual .pdoc-document{width:auto;max-width:none;min-height:0;box-shadow:none;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:10pt;line-height:1.85}.pdoc-document .pdoc-masthead{display:flex}.pdoc-document h1{font-size:20pt;line-height:1.6}.pdoc-document .article-section{break-inside:auto;margin-top:7mm}.pdoc-document .article-section p{color:#000;orphans:3;widows:3;font-size:10pt;line-height:1.85}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract .pt-content p{font-size:9pt;line-height:1.8}.pdoc-document .article-section h2,.pdoc-document .pdoc-data-appendix>h2{break-after:avoid;font-size:13pt}.pdoc-document .pt-heading{break-after:avoid}.pdoc-document .pdoc-abstract-parts>div{break-inside:avoid}.pdoc-document .pdoc-visuals h2{font-size:10pt}.pdoc-document .scg-svg{width:100%;max-height:145mm;min-width:0!important}.pdoc-document .scg-plot,.pdoc-document .sc-table-scroll{overflow:visible}.pdoc-document .sc-data-table{min-width:0;font-size:8pt}.pdoc-document .sc-output-figure,.pdoc-document .journal-figure{break-inside:avoid}.pdoc-document .journal-figure img{max-height:115mm}.pdoc-document .journal-figure figcaption{font-size:9pt}.pdoc-document .journal-references,.pdoc-internal-references ol{font-size:8pt}.pdoc-data-appendix{break-before:page;border-top:0;padding-top:0}.pdoc-document .xr-table-scroll{overflow:visible}.pdoc-document .xr-record table{min-width:0;font-size:7pt}.pdoc-document .xr-record th,.pdoc-document .xr-record td{min-width:0;max-width:none;padding:4px}.pdoc-document .paper-footer{break-inside:avoid}.pdoc-document a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.pdoc-document .pdoc-document-note{font-size:8pt}}
header{gap:28px;padding:28px 0}.header-actions{align-items:center;gap:20px}.header-actions>button,.header-actions>form>button{min-height:44px}.main-nav>div{gap:28px}.main-nav button{min-height:48px}.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.12fr) minmax(280px,.86fr) minmax(200px,.68fr);align-items:start;gap:40px;padding:48px 0 44px}.hero>div:first-child{min-width:0}.hero .cover-button{justify-self:center;max-width:350px}.hero-aside{min-width:0;padding-top:0}.hero h1{margin:24px 0;line-height:1.3}.hero-buttons{gap:20px;margin:28px 0}.hero-aside h3{margin:22px 0 16px;line-height:1.7}.hero-aside p{margin:0;line-height:1.9}.aside-bottom{margin-top:auto;padding-top:20px}.statement{gap:24px;padding:20px 0}.home-discovery{gap:32px;padding:24px 0 28px}.home-discovery form>div{align-items:center;min-height:52px}.home-discovery input{min-height:50px}.journal-live-counts{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(76px,1fr));align-items:start;gap:24px;display:grid}.journal-live-counts>div{gap:8px}.journal-live-counts span{min-height:3.4em;line-height:1.7}.content-grid{gap:48px;margin:40px 0 64px}.section-head{align-items:baseline;gap:16px;min-height:52px}.section-head button{white-space:nowrap;min-height:32px}.paper-row{grid-template-columns:34px minmax(0,1fr) auto;align-items:start;gap:20px;padding:28px 0;display:grid}.row-index{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;align-self:start;padding-top:26px;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3}.row-body{min-width:0}.title-link{overflow-wrap:anywhere;width:100%;margin:8px 0;line-height:1.65}.row-body p{margin:10px 0 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.85}.row-meta{gap:8px 18px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.row-meta button{font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.paper-row>.paper-save{min-height:40px;margin-top:24px}.discovery-row-metrics{padding-left:54px}.sidebar-section{padding:24px 0 28px}.sidebar-section>h3{margin:16px 0;line-height:1.55}.sidebar-note{line-height:1.9}.page-heading{padding:40px 0 28px}.page-heading h1{margin:12px 0 14px;line-height:1.5}.page-heading p{max-width:780px;margin:0;line-height:1.9}.issue-layout{align-items:start;gap:48px;margin-top:8px}.issue-layout>div{min-width:0}.issue-layout h2{margin:12px 0;line-height:1.5}.issue-item{align-items:baseline;gap:18px;padding:20px 0}.issue-item span:nth-child(2){overflow-wrap:anywhere;min-width:0}.breadcrumbs{padding:18px 0;line-height:1.8}.paper-display-controls{color:var(--muted);justify-content:flex-end;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:20px 0 0;font-size:11px;display:flex}.paper-display-controls button{background:#fff;min-height:44px;font-size:12px}@media print{.paper-display-controls{display:none}}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 252px;align-items:start;gap:56px;max-width:1180px;padding:36px 0}.article{min-width:0;max-width:none}.article h1{margin:18px 0 22px;line-height:1.5}.article .badges{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.article .author-line{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 24px;line-height:1.8}.article .author-extra p{overflow-wrap:anywhere;line-height:1.8}.article-section{margin-top:32px;padding-top:24px;scroll-margin-top:24px}.article-section h2{margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.5}.article-section p{overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:2}.article-tools{border-left:1px solid var(--line);min-width:0;padding-left:24px;top:24px}.article-tools h4{margin:0 0 18px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7}.article-tools>a{margin-bottom:8px;padding:4px 0;line-height:1.8}.article-tools>button{min-height:40px;margin-bottom:16px;line-height:1.7}.article-tools hr{margin:20px 0}.article-tools .article-back-to-top{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:20px;padding-top:16px;font-size:11px}.article-mobile-tools{display:none}#paper-materials,#paper-internal-citations,#paper-discussion,#paper-reading-tools,#paper-start{scroll-margin-top:24px}.form-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 300px;align-items:start;gap:48px}.form-layout>form,.submission-sidebar{min-width:0}.form-layout label{margin-bottom:24px;line-height:1.7}.form-layout textarea{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9}.form-layout .followup-form .form-grid{margin-top:20px}.form-layout :is(.form-grid,.ref-grid)>label>:is(input,select),.pv-select-grid>label>select{height:48px;min-height:48px;line-height:1.5}.form-layout .form-grid>.pp-picker>.pp-label{line-height:1.7;margin-bottom:10px!important}.form-layout .form-grid>.pp-picker>.pp-search{height:48px;min-height:48px}.form-layout .form-grid>.pp-picker>.pp-search>input{height:46px;min-height:46px}.identity-help,.field-hint,.form-layout .rc-field-help{line-height:1.8}.form-actions{align-items:center;gap:12px;margin-top:32px;padding-top:24px}.form-actions .submission-status{margin:0 0 4px}.form-actions>.outline,.form-actions>.primary{min-height:48px}.rc-stats{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}.rc-stats>div{min-width:0;padding:24px}.rc-stats>div>span{min-height:2.8em;line-height:1.4;display:block}.rc-stats strong{margin:12px 0}.rc-paper-meta{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 16px;line-height:1.8}.rc-name-controls,.er-input-row{min-width:0}.rc-profile-card .rc-name-controls>:is(input,button),.er-orcid-form .er-input-row>:is(input,button){height:44px;min-height:44px}footer{gap:32px;padding:32px 0 40px}footer>div:last-child{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-end;gap:14px 24px;line-height:1.8}@supports (grid-template-rows:subgrid){.form-layout :is(.form-grid,.ref-grid),.pv-select-grid{row-gap:12px}.form-layout :is(.form-grid,.ref-grid)>label,.pv-select-grid>label,.form-layout .form-grid>.pp-picker{row-gap:10px;margin:0}}@media (max-width:1100px){.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.1fr) minmax(0,.9fr);gap:32px}.hero-aside{display:none}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 224px;gap:32px}.article-tools{padding-left:20px}.form-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 260px;gap:32px}}@media (max-width:900px){.article-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:32px}.article-tools{border-left:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);align-self:stretch;padding:24px 0 0;position:static}.article-tools>a{margin-right:20px;display:inline-block}.article-tools .article-back-to-top{margin-right:0;display:block}.article-mobile-tools{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:20px 0;display:flex}.article-mobile-tools>a,.article-mobile-tools>button{border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;justify-content:center;align-items:center;min-height:44px;padding:10px 14px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5;display:inline-flex}}@media (max-width:700px){header{gap:18px;padding:24px 0}.header-actions{gap:8px}.header-actions>button,.header-actions>form>button,.header-actions>.primary{min-height:44px;padding:11px 6px;line-height:1.5}.main-nav>div{gap:22px}.main-nav button{min-height:48px;padding:15px 0}.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,.75fr);gap:24px;padding:32px 0}.hero h1{margin:18px 0;line-height:1.3}.hero-buttons{gap:14px;margin:24px 0}.hero-note{margin-top:24px;padding-top:18px;line-height:1.9}.home-discovery{gap:20px;padding:24px 0}.journal-live-counts{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px}.journal-live-counts span{font-size:11px}.content-grid{margin:32px 0 48px}.paper-row{grid-template-columns:24px minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:12px;padding:24px 0}.row-index{padding-top:25px;font-size:18px}.row-body p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.paper-row>.paper-save{min-height:44px;margin-top:24px;padding:8px}.row-meta,.row-meta button{font-size:11px}.discovery-row-metrics{padding-left:36px;font-size:10px}.page-heading{padding:32px 0 24px}.page-heading h1{font-size:30px;line-height:1.45}.page-heading p{font-size:13px}.issue-layout{gap:28px}.issue-layout h2{font-size:28px}.issue-item{gap:14px;padding:18px 0}.article-layout{padding:28px 0;display:grid}.article h1{letter-spacing:-1px;font-size:28px;line-height:1.5}.article-section p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.95}.article-section{margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px}.article-tools>.paper-save-full{min-height:44px;margin-right:12px;display:inline-flex}.form-layout{display:block}.form-layout>aside{margin-top:32px}.followup-form{margin-bottom:28px;padding:20px}.followup-form h2{font-size:20px;line-height:1.5}.form-actions>.outline,.form-actions>.primary{min-height:48px}.rc-stats>div{padding:20px 16px}footer{padding:28px 0 36px}footer>div:last-child{justify-content:flex-start;gap:12px 20px}}@media (max-width:600px){.hero{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px}.hero .cover-button{max-width:300px}.hero h1{font-size:41px}.hero-copy{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9}.hero-buttons{flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.hero-buttons .text-button{margin-top:0}}@media print{.article-layout{max-width:none;display:block}.article-mobile-tools{display:none!important}}